The third website of the Sacred Name Collection
Indigenous Knowledge of the Americas
What the first peoples of these continents knew, made, wrote, and agreed — gathered from the published record and set down with its sources, people by people. What is being lost while the world looks away. And what was done to them, documented, region by region and period by period.
This site is a history. Every part of it is told in its time — the knowledge in its development, the practices from their antiquity forward, the record period by period — under the standing charge of this Collection: true history, sourced, dated, and labelled.
The Knowledge
The ancient knowledge of each people: their languages, their traditions, the treaties made with them and what those treaties promised, their writings — glyphs, wampum, codices, birchbark, winter counts — and their crafts, arts, and skills, from Three Sisters agriculture to the engineering of the iglu.
The KnowledgeThe Practices — Their History
How the peoples did the work of their lives, each practice told as its history: following the buffalo and caribou herds, the farming systems and the harvest, tanning hides, building canoes and snow houses, trading amongst themselves, their wars, their songs and the making of drums and flutes — from each practice's antiquity to its continuance today.
The Practices — Their HistoryThe Extinction Register
Peoples and languages going extinct, and those already gone — named one by one, with the count of who remains and the source and year of every count. Nothing estimated, nothing rounded into existence.
The Extinction RegisterThe Genocide Record
The documented record for the Americas: the demographic collapse, the massacres, the forced removals, the residential and boarding schools, the enslavement — and the findings that governments and inquiries have themselves placed on record. Compiled research, sourced throughout; never softened, never inflated.
The Genocide RecordHow this site is made
The Knowledge — people by people
Every people in the Knowledge stands here. Open a people to read the whole of it.
- anishinaabe"Anishinaabe" (plural Anishinaabeg) is the people's own collective name; "Ojibwe" (also spelled Ojibway / Ojibwa; "Chippewa" in U.S. treaties and statutes) names the largest Anishinaabe grouping, alongside Odawa and Potawatomi in the Council of Three Fires (Warren, 1885, History of the Ojibway People, written by the Ojibwe historian Willi…
- blackfootThe Blackfoot Confederacy — Siksika, Kainai and Piikani in what is now Alberta, and the Blackfeet Nation in Montana — speaks Niitsí'powahsin. Some 2,900 native speakers were counted in 2016; UNESCO classes the language Definitely Endangered, and the audit record attributes the loss largely to the residential schools (Canada Nations Langua…
- cherokeeToday there are three federally recognised Cherokee governments in the United States — the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band in Oklahoma, and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in North Carolina (Cherokee Nation, n.d.; U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, tribal directory) — and this entry concerns the Cherokee people historically and collectively, not only one government.
- dene"Dene" names a family of peoples and languages across the Mackenzie valley and the northern plains — Dëne Sųłıné, Dene Zhatıé, Tłı̨chǫ, Dene Kǝdǝ́, Dene Tha' and Gwich'in among them. Each line below carries its own standing; no line borrows another's.
- haudenosauneeThe Haudenosaunee — "People of the Longhouse" in the constituent languages, as nation sources render the name — are a confederacy originally of five nations, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca, joined by Tuscarora in the early 18th century as the sixth nation (Onondaga Nation, n.d., "Haudenosaunee Confederacy"; Britannica, "Iroqu…
- incaThe Inca state (Tawantinsuyu, "the four parts together" — rendering as printed in standard scholarship) was the largest polity in the pre-invasion Americas, centred at Cusco; Quechua-speaking and other Andean peoples long predate and long survive it, and "Inca" must not be used as a synonym for all Andean peoples (D'Altroy, 2002, The Incas, Blackwell; Bauer, 2004, Ancient Cuzco, University of Texas Press).
- innuThe Innu are the people of Nitassinan — some 24,000 in Québec and 3,500 in Labrador. Their language, Innu-aimun, is one of the strongest in the Canadian set: about 11,000 speakers, and in the strongest communities children still enter school speaking Innu-aimun first.
- inuitDocumented fact of framing: with limited exceptions in Labrador, Inuit in Canada were not party to the historic numbered treaties; their rights were addressed instead through modern comprehensive land-claims agreements under Canada's post-1973 claims policy (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada [CIRNAC], comprehensive cl…
- lakota-dakotaThe people's own collective name is Oceti Sakowin — "Seven Council Fires" — as printed by the Akta Lakota Museum & Cultural Center and South Dakota's Oceti Sakowin Essential Understandings (Aktá Lakota Museum, n.d.; South Dakota Department of Education, OSEU).
- maya"The Maya" are not one polity, past or present: they are many peoples speaking related languages, in what is now Mexico (Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Chiapas, Tabasco), Guatemala, Belize, and western Honduras and El Salvador (Smithsonian Magazine, 2025, Mayan Languages Preservation Project report; Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Maya").
- mexica"Mexica" names the people of Mexico-Tenochtitlan; "Aztec" is a later umbrella term in scholarly and popular use (Lockhart, 1992, The Nahuas After the Conquest, Stanford University Press; Smith, 2003, The Aztecs, 2nd ed., Blackwell). The Mexica were one Nahua people among many; Nahua peoples are living peoples in Mexico today.
- mikmaqThe Mi'kmaq are the people of Mi'kma'ki — the Atlantic coast and interior of what is now Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, the Gaspé, Newfoundland and into Maine. 122,000 people reported Mi'kmaq ancestry in Canada (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census ancestry summary, as carried in this programme's Peoples Register).
- wolastoqiyikThe Wolastoqiyik — the people of the Wolastoq, the Saint John River — live in what is now New Brunswick and Québec, and the Passamaquoddy (Peskotomuhkati) in Maine; one language joins them, Wolastoqey.
This site stands beside the Sacred Name Collection library and the school. The recovered Indigenous language texts themselves — the peoples' own published books, restored as witnesses — live in the library's languages section, where they belong to the Collection's knowledge; this site is their encyclopedia.